中美对立的本质不在于价值观的差异,而在于国力差距的缩小。美国必须要改变这种过度敌视中国的姿态,若能同中国携手合作,或是展开良性竞争,将对世界经济发展和战略性稳定带来不可估量的益处。2021年5月12日,由世界金融论坛和陕西省人民政府联合主办,陕西省地方金融监督管理局、陕西省会展中心承办,陕西金融资产管理股份有限公司协办的“一带一路”国际金融合作论坛在西安成功举办。日本前首相鸠山由纪夫先生受世界金融论坛邀请参加此次一带一路国际金融合作论坛并在论坛开幕式上以视频方式做主旨演讲。
鸠山由纪夫在主旨演讲中首先表示,值此世界金融论坛和陕西省人民政府联合主办的“一带一路国际金融合作论坛开幕之际,我谨向会议表示热烈祝贺。我们已经进入新冠疫情爆发以来的第二个年头,全球疫情形势依旧十分严峻,在此背景下本次论坛得以召开,其间的困难可想而知,在此我谨对相关人士的辛勤劳动表示由衷的敬意和感谢。
鸠山由纪夫表示,在当今的国际关系中,毫无疑问,中美关系最受大家关注。特朗普卸任之后,继任的拜登政府多用“竞争”替换了此前的“对立”一词,而中美关系的紧张形势仍在继续。美国政府热衷于将中美对立解释为价值观的对立,然而,中美对立的根源在于国际政治学中所说的修昔底德陷阱,即新崛起的大国同现存大国之间因国力差距不断缩小而渐起猜忌与争端的一种关系。现如今中国的GDP总量已接近美国的七成,甚至有预测说这一对比到了2028年将被彻底逆转。哪怕中国作为一个民主主义国家存在,中美对立想必依旧不会消失。“现在说来可能有些好笑。1980年代流传过一个煞有介事的说法,称日本经济超越了美国。当时日本不仅是个民主主义国家,同时还是美国的同盟国,可美国却依旧视日本为竞争对手,几乎到了半敌视的程度。”鸠山由纪夫说。
鸠山由纪夫表示,中美对立的本质不在于价值观的差异,而在于国力差距的缩小。比起特朗普政府,拜登政府对伙同同盟国及友好国家一道对抗中国一事更为重视。然而,美国的同盟国或友好国家也同中国有着经济上或地缘政治上的重要联系,几乎没有国家愿意时刻与美国共进退,来与中国对抗。对企业而言,供应链也不仅仅作用于零件或原材料的调拨,更同中国这一巨大的消费市场紧密相关。哪怕政府主张重新调整,企业也未必能跟上。日本现今政府的执政形式中对美国的依赖十分显著,而就连这样的日本都在夹在中美关系中左右为难苦不堪言。
鸠山由纪夫表示,最能左右中美对立关系走向的无非是看是中美哪一国的科技竞争力更为先进。中美两国也深知这一要点,双方都为培养科技竞争力注入了巨额投资。美苏冷战时代,是苏联的经济中途走了下坡路(所以最终苏联解体冷战结束),而今天的中美两国绝不会像苏联那样。可以预想到中美的技术投资较量还将持续相当一段时间。对于中美对立的激化,一直以来我都持否定态度,再具体点儿说的话,对此我甚至是十分反感的。
鸠山由纪夫表示,中美对立关系不仅使疫情阴霾笼罩下的世界经济的复苏变得更加缓慢,还破坏了地域安全保障环境。凡此种种,毫无益处。美国必须要改变这种过度敌视中国的姿态。若能同中国携手合作,或是展开良性竞争,将对世界经济发展和战略性稳定带来不可估量的益处。同时,中国也不该给美国留有可乘之机。
鸠山由纪夫表示,在提高文化软实力方面,中国早已有了极为卓越的壮举,那就是习近平总书记提出的“一带一路”倡议。若“一带一路”倡议能朝着带动沿线他国经济发展实现双赢,加快发展中国家减贫的目标稳步前进,诸如中国威胁论等必将云消雾散。
鸠山由纪夫最后表示,虽然日本政府同日本企业对待一带一路的态度至今仍不明确,我仍旧期望日本能积极参与一带一路建设,同中国一道实现一带一路的整体成功。正如习主席大力倡导的那样,全世界正是一个人类命运共同体,无论在新冠疫情的全球蔓延中,还是在地球环境问题中,这一理念都得到了深刻体现。全人类正处在一个命运共同体中,因此我们需要秉承孔子所提倡的“仁”“恕”精神,也正如我想说的“友爱”精神,全人类应携手合作,用“友爱精神”为实现“一带一路”构想而奋斗。
以下为鸠山由纪夫先生在世界金融论坛和陕西省人民政府联合主办的“一带一路”国际金融合作论坛上的主旨演讲全文:
中美对立的本质在于国力差距缩小
文 | 鸠山由纪夫
大家好,我是鸠山由纪夫。
值此陕西省人民政府与世界金融论坛共同主办的“一带一路”国际金融合作论坛开幕之际,我谨向会议表示热烈祝贺。我们已经进入新冠疫情爆发以来的第二个年头,全球疫情形势依旧十分严峻,在此背景下本次论坛得以召开,其间的困难可想而知,在此我谨对相关人士的辛勤劳动表示由衷的敬意和感谢。
毫无疑问,在当今的国际关系中,中美关系最受大家关注,特朗普卸任之后,继任的拜登政府多用“竞争”替换了此前的“对立”一词,而中美关系的紧张形势仍在继续。美国政府热衷于将中美对立解释为价值观的对立,然而,中美对立的根源在于国际政治学中所说的修昔底德陷阱:即新崛起的大国同现存大国之间因国力差距不断缩小而渐起猜忌与争端的一种关系。
现如今中国的GDP总量已接近美国的七成,甚至有预测说这一对比到了2028年将被彻底逆转。哪怕中国作为一个民主主义国家存在,中美对立想必依旧不会消失吧。现在说来可能有些好笑,1980年代流传过一个煞有介事的说法,称日本经济超越了美国,当时日本不仅是个民主主义国家,同时还是美国的同盟国,可美国却依旧视日本为竞争对手,几乎到了半敌视的程度。因此中美对立的本质不在于价值观的差异,而在于国力差距的缩小。
比起特朗普政府,拜登政府对伙同同盟国及友好国家一道对抗中国一事更为重视。然而,美国的同盟国或友好国家也同中国有着经济上或地缘政治上的重要联系,几乎没有国家愿意时刻与美国共进退,来与中国对抗。对企业而言,供应链也不仅仅作用于零件或原材料的调拨,更同中国这一巨大的消费市场紧密相关。哪怕政府主张重新调整,企业也未必能跟上。
日本现今政府的执政形式中对美国的依赖十分显著,而就连这样的日本都在夹在中美关系中左右为难苦不堪言。说到底,最能左右中美对立关系走向的无非是,看是中美哪一国的科技竞争力更为先进。中美两国也深知这一要点,双方都为培养科技竞争力注入了巨额投资。
美苏冷战时代,是苏联的经济中途走了下坡路(所以最终苏联解体冷战结束),而今天的中美两国绝不会像苏联那样,可以预想到中美的技术投资较量还将持续相当一段时间。对于中美对立的激化,一直以来我都持否定态度,再具体点儿说的话,对此我甚至是十分反感的。中美对立关系不仅使疫情阴霾笼罩下的世界经济的复苏变得更加缓慢,还破坏了地域安全保障环境,凡此种种,毫无益处。
美国必须要改变这种过度敌视中国的姿态,若能同中国携手合作,或是展开良性竞争,将对世界经济发展和战略性稳定带来不可估量的益处。同时,中国也不该给美国留有可乘之机。在提高文化软实力方面,中国早已有了极为卓越的壮举,那就是习近平总书记提出的“一带一路”倡议,若能朝着带动沿线他国经济发展实现双赢,加快发展中国家减贫的目标稳步前进,诸如中国威胁论等必将云消雾散。
虽然日本政府同日本企业对待“一带一路”的态度至今仍不明确,我仍旧期望日本能积极参与“一带一路”建设,同中国一道实现“一带一路”的整体成功。正如习主席大力倡导的那样,全世界正是一个人类命运共同体,无论在新冠疫情的全球蔓延中,还是在地球环境问题中,这一理念都得到了深刻体现。全人类正处在一个命运共同体中,因此我们需要秉承孔子所提倡的“仁”“恕”精神,也正如我想说的“友爱”精神,全人类应携手合作,用“友爱精神”为实现“一带一路”构想而奋斗。以上是我对当今国际形势的一些看法。
最后,衷心祝愿本次“一带一路”国际金融合作论坛取得圆满成功。谢谢大家。
鸠山由纪夫先生的演讲英文译文
Hello, I’m Yukio Hatoyama.
On the occasion of the opening ceremony of the Belt and Road International Financial Cooperation Forum held by the People’s Government of Shaanxi Province and the World Finance Forum. I would like to extend my warm congratulations for this Forum. Since the COVID-19 broke out last year, the whole world has suffered from a grim situation. In this context, numerous difficulties must have been gone through for the opening of this Forum. Thus, I would like to express my sincere respect and gratitude to people who have been working hard for this Forum.
There is no doubt that in today’s international relations, China-US relations have drawn the most attention. After Donald Trump left office, the Biden administration adopted the word “competition” to describe their relationship with China instead of the former one, “confrontation”, but the tension between China and the US still rises. The US government is keen to interpret the confrontation between China and the US as the opposition of values. However, the origin of such a confrontation lies in the Thucydides Trap, a term used in international politics. That means the suspicion and disputes arising from the gradually narrowed gap in national strength between the emerging power and the existing power.
Nowadays, China’s nominal GDP equals about 70% that of the US and it is estimated that China will overtake the US in terms of GDP by 2028. Even if China is a democratic country, the confrontation will remain unchanged. It may sound ridiculous now, but in 1980s, there was a rumor that Japan’s economy surpassed that of the US. Back then, Japan was not only a democratic country, but also an ally of the US. However, the US still regarded Japan as its rival and even an enemy to a certain extend. Thus, the China-US confrontation lies not in the difference in values, but in the narrowed gap in national strength.
Compared with the Trump administration, the Biden administration attaches more importance to seeking for allies and partners to contend with China.However, those allies and partners of the US also have important economic or geopolitical ties with China. Basically there is no country that would like to take the risk of going against China for being friend with the US. For enterprises, the supply chain used for distribution of components and raw materials has close connection with the huge consumer market of China. Even if the government advocates readjustment, enterprises may not be able to follow the call.
Today’s Japanese government still has a close relationship with the US. Thus, it is even difficult for Japan to handle its relations with China and the US. All in all, the future of China-US relations depends on their sci-tech strength. Both sides are well aware of it, and have made huge investment in developing sci-tech competitiveness.
During the Cold War between the US and the Soviet Union, the later one failed with a decrease in economy (and ended the Cold War with its dissolution.) But today’s China and the US would never end up like that. It can be expected that the competition in technology investment between China and the US would last for quite a long time. I have always held a negative attitude towards the intensification of China-US confrontation. To be more specific, I’m even disgusted with it. China-US confrontation has not only slowed down the world economic recovery amid the darkness of the pandemic, but also destroyed the regional security environment. All of these are of no good.
The US must decrease its hostility to China. If the US can work with China, or compete with China in a benign way, the world economy and strategic stability will benefit tremendously from it. Meanwhile, China should not leave opportunities for the US. China has made a great achievement in improving its soft power of culture. For example, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) put forward by Chinese President Xi Jinping. If this Initiative could facilitate the economic development of countries along the Belt and Road with win-win results and accelerate poverty alleviation in developing countries in a steady manner, discussions on matters such as China Threat Theory will disappear in a flash.
Although the Japanese government and enterprises haven’t declared their stands on BRI, I personally hope that Japan could actively participate in it and contribute to its comprehensive success together with China. As advocated by President Xi, the world is a community with a shared future for mankind. This concept has been perfectly proved through the global spread of COVID-19 and other global environmental issues. All human beings are living in the same community with a shared future. Thus, we should carry forward the spirit of“benevolence” and “forgiveness” advocated by Confucius, namely, the spirit of“friendship” as I call it. All the mankind should cooperate with each other and strive to realize the BRI in the “spirit of friendship”. These are my views on the current international situation.
At last, I sincerely wish the Belt and Road International Financial Cooperation Forum a complete success.
Thank you
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